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一 存在问题 近年来高考英语加强了对长难句的考查，出现了不少省略句、复合句和特长句，给正确理解造成了很大困难，降低了考生解题信心。单句采用非谓语动词形式、独立主格结构等高级语法，复合句采用多种从句迭现的复杂句型，来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。要正确理解原文并解答试题，考生必须闯过长难句理解这一关。闯关的关键在于对长难句进行语法分析。难句语法分析总的原则是化繁为简，变难为易，抓主干，去枝叶，疏结构，理层次。只要经过多次长难句句子结构分析训练，以后见到长难句也就不会头痛了。 二 教学目标 理清学生对长难句 解题思路，通过对难句的分析，提高学生对长难句的理解，应用能力， 从而提高单选题，完形阅读，和书面表达的得分率 。 叁 教学任务 完成对复杂的简单句和复合句的分析。 教给学生具体的解题思路。 四 教学步骤 1复杂简单句 单难句主要通过用非谓语动词作状语和定语，独立主格结构作状语，名词短语作同位语等来增加单句难度 利用句子成分分析法理解 （1）找主干结构 主+谓+宾// 主+谓+宾1+宾2// 主+不及物动词// 主+ 连系动词 // 主+谓+宾+ 补 （2） 加上枝叶结构 非谓语动词作状语和定语，独立主格结构作状语，名词短语作同位语 例题分析 Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to 1找主干结构 2 加上枝叶结构 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails and unconditional love dogs can serve as the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. 1找主干结构 2 加上枝叶结构 2复合句 （1）并列句 简单句+ 并列连词 +简单句（举例） （2）主从复合句 主句+引导词+从句（举例） 名词性从句—-主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句 状语从句 定语从句 从句子的层次入手，先抓主句的主干（主、谓、宾），再理清其枝叶（从句及其他修饰成分） 例题分析 （1） In 1996, Armstrong , the then NO 1 cyclist in the world , was diagnosed with cancer and many thought that it meant the end of his career , maybe even his life . 1找主干结构 2 加上枝叶结构 （2）It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. （NMET2003.E篇） 1找主干结构 2 加上枝叶结构 五课堂练习 1. No records that are dangerous to the person who is attempting it or to others are allowed 2.----How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? ----The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand_____ by the customers. A to solving ;making B to solving; made C to solve : making D to solve ;made 3.The headmaster suggested the student ______a prize. A.referring to should be given B.referred to be given C .referred be given D. referring to be given 4.The long lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness,_______ no result. A. reached B. to reach C. would reach D. reaching 6.It is the ability to do the job______ matters not where you come from or what you are . A which B that C what D / 7.Only when your identity has been checked , _________ A you are allowed in B you will be allowed in C will you allow in D will you be allowed in 此处 复习一下固定句型 六 总结本课要点 1复杂简单句 （1）找主干结构（2）2加上枝叶结构 2复合句 （1）并列句 简单句+ 并列连词 +简单句（举例） （2）主从复合句 主句+引导词+从句（举例） 名词性从句—-主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句 状语从句 定语从句 从句子的层次入手，先抓主句的主干（主、谓、宾），再理清其枝叶（从句及其他修饰成分） 七 课后作业 1.Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms（术语）are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers （1）找主干结构 （2） 加上枝叶结构 （3）句意 2.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat 、dog or snake! （1）找主干结构 （2） 加上枝叶结构 （3）句意 3.Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began. （1）找主干结构 （2） 加上枝叶结构 （3）句意 4.The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out （1）找主干结构 （2） 加上枝叶结构 （3）句意 5.Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Pettit. （1）找主干结构 （2） 加上枝叶结构 （3）句意 6 The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s.European countries , realizing crisis is at hand , are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century . The Affairs Ministry concluded last year that , ___1__cash encouragement , some women just don’t want to be ___2___holding the baby . “What we know is that it’s good for the ___3____if men and women share the burden of having children ,”says Soren Kindlund , family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry .___4____Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish , men use a mere 12% of it ;60% of fathers do not take even a (n) ____5____ day off work . |
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