一． 不定式 to do
（一）做主语
1)To learn English is not an easy thing.
2)It is my pleasure to help you.
3)It is dangerous to swim in the river.
it做形式主语时，要注意下列句型的区别：It is adj. of/for sb.to do sth.
例如：1）It is wise______ him to say so.
2) It is very important ______ us to learn English.
（二）做宾语
1)He wants to visit Nanjing.
2)He managed to finish his homework in one hour.
3) We found it difficult to learn English well.
注意：有些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语。如：decide, want, wish, expect, manage, plan, pretend, refuse, offer, learn, demand, afford, wonder, intend 等。
（叁）做宾补
1)I expect you to write to me.
2)I asked him to show me his new dictionary.
注意：有些动词如；make ,let，have, see, hear, watch，feel, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to后接不定式宾补时，要省去迟辞，但在被动语态中要加迟辞。
（四）做表语
1)My job is to look after small children.
2)The young man seems to be a college graduate.
（五）做定语
1)I have an important meeting to attend.
2)He is always the first one to come but the last one to leave.
注意：不定式作定语时，一般放在所修饰的词之后，如果不定式是不及物动词，它的后面要有必要的介词。
如： 1）Would you please find me a piece of paper __________?(写)
2）I have nothing to___________.(担心)
3）He is a nice person to ____________(工作)&苍产蝉辫;
（六）做状语
１）不定式作目的状语，相当于in order to, so as to
He came here to borrow a dictionary.
To make the room larger, he fixed a mirror on the front wall.
２）不定式作结果状语，往往表示出乎意料的结果，其前面往往要加only。
He got home, only to find he had lost his key.
He woke up, only to find he was in hospital.
３）作一些形容词的状语，此时用主动式表示被动的动作
I am glad to see you.
The question is difficult to answer.
（七）不定式的其他形式
１）不定式被动式to be done形式表示的动作可能发在谓语动词的动作之后，表将来的动作。
She asked to be given more work to do.
The bridge to be built will be the longest one in the world.
２）不定式的进行式to be doing 形式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
He pretended to be reading a book.
３）不定式的完成式to have done表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
They seemed to have known the news.
Ptactice
1.He seems____ the old lady.
A.knowing B. to be knowing
C. to know D. to be known
2. Tom _______ when they spoke ill of him.
A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by
C. happened passing by D. happened to passed
3. _______ with him is a great pleasure.
A.To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking
4.Her wish is ______ a doctor.
A.becoming B. become
C. to become D. being come
5.______ the room temperature, he added some coal into the stove.
A. To keep up B. So to keep up
C. Keep up D. In order keep up
二． 分词doing/done
（一）作表语
1)My job is very interesting.
2)I am interested in my job. 3)The window is broken.
注意：（1）过去分词和现在分词作表语的区别。（2）过去分词作表语时和被动语态的区别。
（二）作宾补 请注意此时分词与宾语的关系。
He had his hair cut yesterday.
1)I heard him singing the song in the room.
（叁）做定语
1)The crying boy is my brother.
2)The girl sitting in the second row is my daughter.
3)You’d better drink boiled water.
4)The bridge being built will connect the two cities.
注意：作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
还需注意主动和被动的区别。
（四）做状语
1)He went into the room, following his brother.
2)Not knowing what to do, they went to the teacher for help.
3)Seen from the top of the hill, our school is very beautiful.
4)Heated to 100°C ,water will turn into steam.
5)Having finished his homework, he went out to play.
注意：分词做状语时，分词的逻辑主语应和句子的主语保持一致。主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。
如：1)_______ from the hill, we can see the city clearly.
2)________ from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.
Practice
6.The job is _____ . None of us like to do it.
A. tired B. tiring C. tire D. to be tired
7. When she returned home, she found the window open and
Something ______.
A. stolen B. missed C. to be stolen D. to steal
8. He read a magazine _____ for the bus.
A. to wait B. to be waiting C. waiting D. waited
9. ____it _____, he went back home and took an umbrella.
A. Seen; had rained B. Saw; rained
C. Seeing; was raining D. To see; would rain
10._____ his homework, he went out for play.
A. Having done B. Done
C. He has done D. He had done
叁． 名词doing
（一）作主语
1)Playing football is my favorite sport.
2)Seeing is believing.
注意：用it 做形式主语，动名词或动名词短语做真正的主语。
It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time dong sth.
(二)做宾语
1)I didn’t stop working.
2)He is used to getting up early.
注意：有些动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语。如：finish, mind, enjoy, keep, admit, resist,
escape, imagine, miss, practise, consider 等。
有些动词后面既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语,区别不大。如：start, begin, love, like, prefer, continue 等。
但是，下列动词后接动词不定式或动名词有不同含义。如：remember, forget, regret,
mean, try ,consider，go on, stop等。
（叁）做表语
1）His work is teaching English.
2）My favorite sport is running.
（四）作定语 注意现在分词和动名词做定语时的区别。
1）He is in the reading room.
2）This is a swimming pool.
试比较：a sleeping boy a walking stick
Practice
11.Can you imagine ____ as a nurse?
A. him work B. him working
C. he working D. him to work
12.Some people’s greatest pleasure is ____.
A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fish
13. The boy spent a lot of time ___ football.
A. playing B. play C. to play D. played
14. These young men succeeded ____ the new machine.
A. designed B. to design C. in designing D. design
15.I am the boss here! I’m not used to ____ what to do.
A. told B. telling C. to told D. being told.
改错：
1．Reading busy, so he didn’t come.
2．Seeing the teacher, her face turned red.
3．Hearing the noise, her heart beat faster.
4．Having taken their seats, the dancers began their performance.
5．Deeply moved at these words, tears came to his eyes.
1. According to a recent US survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ________ TV.
A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch
2. The disc, digitally_____ in the studio, sounded fantastic the party that night.
A. recorded B. Recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
3. _____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
4. When first ____ to the marked, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
5. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
6. It shams me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
7. Alice returned from the manger’s office,_____ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling
8. You were silly not ____ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
9. The man insisted ____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find C. to find C. on finding D. in finding
10. The old man, ____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
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